The main innovations of this paper are as follows: The electro-hydraulic compound braking system coordinated control strategy for a four-wheel-drive pure electric vehicle driven by dual motors with efficient braking energy recovery has been proposed, which is
Read MoreKEYU is changing the electric mini truck market with its brand new 4 wheel drive electric vehicle. This electric truck has a cool new design and was clearly
Read MoreFinesso et al. investigated the energy efficiency of a four-wheel-driven parallel hybrid powertrain [8]. Asaei presented the design, simulation, and manufacturing of a through-the-road parallel hybrid electric motorcycle with a
Read More15 · Last summer, battery energy storage prevented blackouts across Texas as heat waves strained the grid — protecting 434,000 homes from losing power. Today, New York is home to just 340 megawatts
Read MoreThe four-wheel-drive electric vehicle DC bus voltage for four energy management strategies under the EV moves in all phases is shown in Fig. 5, where (a) is the classical PI strategy,(b) is a Fuzzy-Logic strategy,(c) is a
Read MoreWheel torque distribution optimization of four-wheel independent-drive electric vehicle for energy efficient driving Junnian Wanga*, Shoulin Gaoa, Kai Wanga, Yan Wangb, Qingsong Wangc a State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
Read MoreLongitudinal–Vertical Comprehensive Control for Four-Wheel Drive Pure Electric Vehicle Considering Energy Recovery and Ride Comfort July 2021 Energy 236(8):121417
Read MoreAs an essential attribute of SUV, four-wheel-drive (4WD) offers flexible torque arrangement and results in safe and powerful driving under off-road conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel compound 4WD hybrid powertrain by adding an extra output shaft to a conventional power-split hybrid electric vehicle.
Read MoreReceived 20 August 2023, accepted 6 September 2023, date of publication 15 September 2023, date of current version 11 October 2023. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3316012 Research on Composite Braking Control Strategy of
Read MoreWith respect to longitudinal braking, Sun et al. [16] designed a braking force distribution strategy based on the ideal braking force curve for four-wheel drive pure electric vehicles, and the results indicated that the energy recovery efficiency was improved.
Read MoreAbstract: In order to enhance the output performance of energy storage and lower the cost of energy storage, this paper focuses on the energy-power hybrid energy storage
Read MoreAssuming the torque distribution between the front- and rear-axle of the single side is equal, the side torque distribution coefficient result corresponding to the minimum power loss obtained by offline optimization is shown in Fig. 4.As shown in Fig. 4, the vehicle tends to be single-side drive when the axle torque is in low torque region and
Read MoreAnalysis and optimization of energy efficiency for an electric vehicle with four independent drive in-wheel motors Xinwei Jiang1, Long Chen1,2,XingXu1,2, Yingfeng Cai1,2, Yong Li 1,2 and Wujie
Read MoreAbstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) with four individually controlled drivetrains are over-actuated systems, and therefore, the total wheel torque and yaw moment demands can
Read MoreA four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, is a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously. It may be full-time or on-demand, and is typically linked via a transfer case providing an additional output drive shaft and, in many instances, additional gear ranges .
Read MoreTo address the problem of a large inrush current in pure electric vehicles under high-power driving and braking conditions, which damages the cycle life of the
Read MoreSimilarly, Leng et al. [5] proposed a torque control method for a Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle based on an allocation algorithm, and the stability of in-wheel motors were enhanced. The torque
Read MoreAbstract. The promising electric vehicle (EV) technology is a direction to tackle the global non-renewable energy problem. However, the efficiency to use the electric energy still needs deliberate
Read MoreIn order to improve the stability and economy of 4WID-4WIS (four-wheel independent drive—four-wheel independent steering) electric vehicles in trajectory
Read MoreThanks to the unique advantages such as long life cycles, high power density and quality, and minimal environmental impact, the flywheel/kinetic energy storage system (FESS) is gaining steam
Read MoreAiming at the newly developed four-wheel drive hybrid system, with the goal of minimizing fuel consumption, the energy control strategy of the optimal curve of the engine is proposed, and the optimal control law under CLTC working conditions is obtained after global optimization of the dynamic programming algorithm, which is used to improve the rule
Read MoreThe model studied in this paper is a Chin ese-made four-wheel drive battery replace-able electric coupe SUV, and the main parameters are shown in Table 1.
Read MoreThe dual-motor, all-wheel drive Countryman S ALL4 packs a 313-hp, 364-lb-ft punch that gets it, in a smooth and silent surge of acceleration, to 60 mph in less than 5.6 seconds, according to Mini.
Read MoreThis paper presents a novel four-wheel-drive electric vehicle layout consisting of one on-board electric drivetrain per axle. Each drivetrain includes a simplified clutch-less two-speed transmission system and an open differential to transmit the torque to the wheels. This drivetrain layout allows eight different gear state combinations at the
Read MoreBattery/Ultracapacitor (UC) Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been frequently proposed in the literature to increase battery
Read Moreenhances traction but is not the same as four-wheel drive. Here is the list of the best 4-wheel-drive vehicles of 2024 across the various classifications: 2024 Ram 1500 9.3/10 What is Buzzscore
Read MoreHow Aircraft Carrier Works US Nuclear Power Ship Nimitz Class #ship
Read MoreWith the increasing peak torque of the in-wheel motor, the tire slip energy dissipation becomes as considerable as the motor energy loss. The actuation redundancy in four-wheel drive electric vehicles has the innate advantage of reducing the energy dissipation of the tire slip according to different criteria. This study innovatively optimizes
Read MoreCompared with traditional vehicles, driverless ones would eliminate drivers'' interferences, and have more freedoms to optimize energy recovery, route tracking and dynamics stability. Specifically, a series regenerative braking system is designed, and then a three-level control architecture is first proposed to coordinate three performances.
Read MoreRecently, there has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include
Read MoreThe independent driving ability of the four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles can be used to improve the energy efficiency of the vehicle. The composition and structure of a prototype
Read MoreThere are two variants, the EQB250 front-wheel drive and the EQB350 four-wheel drive. The EQB250 costs $87,734 before on-road costs with a larger driving range of 507km.
Read MoreThe factors that affect the efficiency of braking energy recovery is a crucial and worthy research problem for the four-wheel hub motor driven (FWHMD) electric vehicle (EV). This paper presents an energy classification statistical method by integrating the direct current (DC) of the power battery and considering the efficiency of the permanent magnet
Read MoreThe effective energy of the component refers to the energy flowing out of the component (motor) or the energy stored (battery) or energy consumption (wheel cylinders). The final energy recovery of battery under the CCM is 288.52 kJ, and the final energy recovery of battery of the DL-MSC is 266.33 kJ ( Q = Q b + Q ele_sus, Q
Read MoreABSTRACT To further improve the energy economy of a four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle (FWIDEV) in the process of vehicle stability control, in this paper, the in˛uence of different wheel torque distributions on vehicle stability and energy economy during vehicle steering is analyzed in depth.
Read MoreFour-wheel-drive system with multiple motors has been one of the important development trends of electric vehicles, which has an important impact on the regenerative braking of electric vehicles. Aiming at the configuration characteristics of a composite braking system for the four-wheel-drive electric vehicle with multiple motors, this paper proposed a
Read MoreTo improve the energy economy of a four independent wheel motor drive electric vehicle (4-IWMDEV), this paper proposes an optimal based energy-saving torque distribution. The suggested algorithm can adapt to different driving conditions while ensuring stability of the vehicle. The controller encompasses a hierarchical structure, a reference model which
Read MoreTo develop a new type of four-wheel-drive SUV EHH power system, related energy management strategies were studied with the goal of optimizing vehicle energy consumption:. 1. To optimize the instantaneous energy consumption of a vehicle, a real-time controllable EMS based on the optimal instantaneous efficiency is proposed.
Read MoreThis paper presents a novel topology of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and an improved energy distribution control strategy for four-wheel independent
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